Category: Blog

Find advice from experts about raising kids with autism. Read stories about managing autism and about working in the ABA field.

What is Contemporary ABA Therapy?

Updated On
Clinically Reviewed By: Geneviève Marshall, PhD, BCBA-D, LBA

FEATURED POSTS

Out of the Archives: An Honest Look at the Full Experience of Autism with Russell Lehmann
October 7, 2026
Out of the Archives: Female Life on the Spectrum with Jennifer Cook
September 11, 2026
Understanding Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) Therapy Insurance in Illinois: A Parent’s Guide
September 2, 2026
A New Chapter for All Autism Talk
July 29, 2026

People often say that history is written by the victors. When the colonists won the American Revolution, they described the war as a noble struggle to escape tyranny. Had the British won, history books might have called it a heroic effort to save the empire from ungrateful rebels. 

In the same way, most people in America are able-bodied, so they decide what is “normal.” For example, we might see an autistic brain or someone with poor eyesight (but stronger other senses) as less valuable. But really, these are just different ways of thinking and living. 

For more than 60 million Americans with disabilities, this can be a challenge. They have to fit their lives into a world designed for able-bodied people, even though it would be easy to make the world work for everyone.  

Ableism and Ableist Misconceptions

Contemporary treatments include the individual in planning when possible. Contemporary practices change in response to the voices of those who have received therapy in the past. 

Ableism is when able-bodied people assume everyone is like them and fail to see the challenges people with disabilities face.  

Ableism includes unfair ideas, such as thinking people with disabilities always need help, even if they don’t ask for it. Not all disabilities are visible, which can lead to wrong assumptions about mental illnesses being different from physical ones. These false beliefs make it harder for people with disabilities to be treated equally and included in society.  

 
 

ABA Intervention

Applied behavior analysis (ABA) is widely regarded as the most effective treatment for autism, supported by decades of research. It isn’t a single therapy method. Instead, it’s a flexible approach that uses different techniques to help children build the skills they need to thrive at school and in daily life. 

Recently, ABA has increasingly become the target of much controversy as self-advocates are speaking up about their experiences. They reject the idea that teaching people with autism the skills deemed necessary without their input or choice. Some advocates say independence is meaningless without happiness and that people with autism should choose their own goals, which might not include fitting in with others.  

ABA, which is essentially the science of good teaching, has a long history and was originally developed in the 1960s by a group of researchers at the University of Washington. ABA was used to treat individuals with developmental disabilities and initially was a rigid, highly structured and teacher-directed program, which led to some of the negative experiences and associations with ABA. Historically, for example, ABA was used to reduce or eliminate “stimming” – repetitive physical movements and sounds that may soothe and reduce anxiety. We now better understand that stimming helps people with autism manage their sensory processing and their environments. 

Just like in other areas of medicine and science, the field of ABA has advanced in a significant and meaningful way to become a play-based, naturalistic, family-focused and individualized, contemporary treatment that is tailored to the unique needs and goals of everyone. A good ABA program collects and reports data to show effectiveness. Providers must demonstrate success, validated by parents, through goals set with the family. If your provider doesn’t follow this approach, they may not be using best practices.  

ABA now adapts to individual needs by learning from adults. While negative experiences must be addressed, dismissing ABA entirely overlooks its success for many. Good programs focus on the client, seek consent, and value input. Research and ask key questions when choosing a provider.  

 
 

What to Look for in an ABA Program 

  • Will I participate in determining the goals of treatment for myself/my child? 
  • How are your staff trained? 
  • How is my child’s program developed? Do all clients receive the same program or are they individualized? 
  • Will there be parent goals as part of my child’s program? 
  • How often is my child’s program modified or revised? 
  • How is data collected and reported? 
  • How often will I see data on my child’s progress? 

Your child’s program should be client-centered and future looking, which means that your family and relevant caregivers are providing input into your child’s strengths and challenges, and that you and your child are helping to guide the goals of his/her program based on your preferences and needs. 

The science of ABA has a long history with decades of research to support its development and evolution. While ABA is most widely known in its application to autism, ABA was developed, and has been applied, to address many circumstances regarding behavior that matter to society. ABA is applied in many different areas, including mental health, animal training, organizational behavior management, marketing, forensics, sports, and physical health, to name a few. Just as other areas of science and medicine advance and application of treatments change, so has the field of ABA. Many lives have been impacted by ABA for the better. It is incumbent upon the professional community to listen, learn, and evolve its practice so that their services are as relevant and effective as possible. After all, the purpose of ABA is to help children with autism achieve the goals that matter most to them and their families — goals that foster growth, independence, and joy in their everyday lives.  

Understanding Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) Therapy Insurance in Illinois: A Parent’s Guide

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If you’re a parent of a child with autism in Illinois, you’ve likely heard about applied behavior analysis (ABA) therapy. It is one of the most effective, evidence-based therapies to help kids build skills and thrive. 

But figuring out how insurance works can feel overwhelming. With LEARN Behavioral, you’re not alone, and the good news is, Illinois is one of the more supportive states when it comes to insurance coverage for ABA.

As someone who works with families every day, navigating this process, here’s a clear explanation of what makes Illinois unique, what you need to know about your insurance, and how to get the help your child deserves.

What Makes Illinois ABA Insurance Coverage Different?

Illinois has some parent-friendly laws that protect your child’s right to care.

  • Insurance plans in Illinois must cover ABA therapy for kids with an autism diagnosis, up to age 21.
  • Plans cannot limit the number of therapy visits per year as long as your child needs them.
  • There is an annual dollar cap on coverage, which adjusts each year to keep up with inflation.
  • Your insurance company cannot charge you higher co-pays or deny care just because it’s for autism.

Why does this matter?

In some states, families face visitation limits or restrictive rules. In Illinois, the law ensures your child can receive the therapy they need, as long as it’s deemed medically necessary.

Learn more about the Illinois autism insurance law here: Illinois Autism Insurance Law

How Much ABA Therapy Is Covered by Insurance in Illinois?

In Illinois, the minimum annual coverage is about $36,000, and that number increases slightly every year.

Here’s what to keep in mind:

  • Your insurance plan might have a higher cap than the legal minimum — always check.
  • Once you hit the cap, you might need to explore other funding options (more on that below).

Pro tip: Call your insurance company and ask what your annual ABA therapy benefit maximum is.

Does Medicaid Cover ABA Therapy in Illinois?

Yes, this is great news if your child is enrolled in Illinois Medicaid or the All Kids program.

Since 2020, Illinois Medicaid plans have covered ABA therapy for kids under 21 with an autism diagnosis.

What you’ll need:

  • A doctor’s prescription for ABA.
  • Services provided by a licensed ABA provider.

If you qualify for All Kids, there are no premiums or copays for your child’s care.

Check out the Illinois Medicaid All Kids page: Illinois All Kids Program

What If You Need More ABA Therapy Than Insurance Covers?

If your child’s needs go beyond what your insurance (or Medicaid) covers, Illinois offers additional help through the Support Waiver for Children and Young Adults with Developmental Disabilities.

This program can help families pay for more intensive behavioral services and keep children at home rather than in institutions.

Learn about the waiver program here: Illinois HFS Waiver Programs

How Do I Prove My Child Needs ABA Therapy?

Insurance coverage depends on something called medical necessity. This essentially shows that ABA is the right treatment for your child’s needs.

Here’s what you’ll need:

  • A formal autism diagnosis.
  • A treatment plan from a licensed provider (like a board certified behavior analyst (BCBA)) showing your child’s goals and progress.
  • Regular updates from your provider as your child meets goals or needs adjustments.

If your insurance denies a claim, you can appeal. Illinois law requires that appeals be reviewed by someone who understands ABA.

Tips for Parents Navigating ABA Insurance in Illinois

Start early. As soon as your child receives an autism diagnosis, talk to your insurance company and your chosen ABA provider about benefits and authorizations.

Keep records. Save all documentation: diagnosis, treatment plans, and any letters from your insurance company.

Ask questions. Don’t be afraid to call your insurance plan and ask about your specific benefits.

Get help. Programs like the Autism Program of Illinois (TAP) can connect you to resources and walk you through the process.

Where Can I Get ABA Therapy Services in Illinois?

LEARN Behavioral offers in-home, in-school, and center-based applied behavior analysis (ABA) therapy for children and young adults across Illinois. Our board certified behavior analysts (BCBAs) and behavior technicians provide personalized care that meets each child’s needs, whether you’re looking for early intervention, school readiness, or support with daily living skills.

We serve families in many communities with ABA therapy throughout the state of Illinois, including in:

Visit our Illinois ABA Services page to explore all locations, learn more about our programs, and connect with our team.

ABA Insurance FAQs: Common Questions from Illinois Parents

How much ABA therapy does my insurance cover?

Illinois law requires at least $36,000 per year, adjusted for inflation. Your plan may offer more, so make sure to call to check your current benefit limit.

Can my insurance limit how many therapy visits my child gets?

No. Illinois law prohibits insurance companies from capping the number of visits, as long as they’re medically necessary.

Does Medicaid (or All Kids) cover ABA therapy?

Yes. Medicaid and All Kids both cover ABA therapy if you have a doctor’s prescription and use a licensed provider.

What if my insurance denies coverage?

You can appeal, and Illinois law requires that your appeal be reviewed by someone who understands autism and ABA.

What if my child’s needs exceed the annual insurance limit?

Look into Medicaid waivers, school services (through an Individualized Education Program (IEP)), or support from programs like TAP.

Final Thoughts: You’ve Got This

Getting ABA therapy for your child can feel like a maze at first, but you don’t have to go through it alone. Illinois has some of the strongest protections for families, and there are resources and people ready to help you every step of the way.

If you have more questions, don’t hesitate to reach out. You are your child’s best advocate, and you’re already doing an amazing job. The professionals at LEARN Behavioral are here to support your journey every step of the way.

Helpful Links for Parents

Illinois Autism Insurance Law
Illinois All Kids Program
Illinois Medicaid Waiver Programs
The Autism Program of Illinois (TAP)

What is Nonverbal Autism? Dispelling the Myths Around Non-Speaking Autism

Author: Ronit Molko, Ph.D., BCBA-D | Updated On

Just because someone is non-speaking does not mean they are non-thinking. That single idea sits at the heart of one of the most persistent and harmful myths about autism: the assumption that a person who does not talk must be intellectually disabled.

The reality is far more nuanced. Speech and intelligence are not the same thing, and many non-speaking autistic people understand language, form rich inner thoughts, and communicate in ways that do not rely on the voice. This blog explains what nonverbal autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is, how non-speaking individuals communicate, and why their abilities are often underestimated.

Key Takeaways

  • Non-speaking does not mean non-thinking: difficulty with speech is not the same as a lack of intelligence or understanding.
  • Around 25 to 30 percent of children with autism are minimally verbal or non-speaking beyond about age 5.
  • Speech can be affected by motor-based conditions like apraxia, language-processing differences, or echolalia, none of which determine intelligence.
  • Standardized IQ tests, especially verbal ones, often underestimate non-speaking autistic people; nonverbal reasoning tests frequently reveal far greater ability.
  • Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC), from gestures and picture systems to speech-generating devices, gives non-speaking individuals reliable ways to communicate.
  • Presuming competence and starting individualized, evidence-based communication support early gives every child the best chance to be understood.

Are Non-Speaking Autistic People Intellectually Disabled?

This is the core of the myth, and the evidence calls for nuance. Intellectual disability does co-occur with autism for some people. According to the CDC’s most recent ADDM Network data (2022 surveillance year), among autistic 8-year-olds with cognitive testing data:

  • About 39.6 percent had scores in the intellectual disability range
  • Roughly 24 percent scored in the borderline range
  • About 36 percent scored in the average range or higher

In other words, most autistic children are not in the intellectual disability range, and being autistic, or non-speaking, is not the same as being intellectually disabled.

There is a deeper issue, too. The standard tests used to measure intelligence often rely on spoken language, which can dramatically underestimate non-speaking people. In one study of minimally verbal autistic children who had been judged to have very limited cognitive potential, none could complete a conventional verbal IQ test, yet most were able to complete a nonverbal reasoning test, and many scored within or above the typical range.

When the tool fits the person, the ability that was invisible on a verbal test becomes clear. Assuming low intelligence because someone cannot demonstrate it through speech is a form of ableism that can lead to the wrong supports and lowered expectations. A better starting point is to presume competence: assume the person is capable and give them the tools to show it.

What Is Nonverbal Autism?

Nonverbal autism, also called non-speaking autism, describes autistic individuals who use little or no spoken language to communicate. Even the word nonverbal is something of a misnomer. While these individuals may not speak words aloud, many still understand language, and some use written words, symbols, or devices to express themselves.

For that reason, many people in the autism community prefer the term non-speaking, which describes the absence of speech without implying an absence of language or thought.

It also helps to think of communication as a spectrum. Some autistic people speak fluently, some use a handful of words, some are minimally verbal, and some do not use speech at all. Where a person falls on this spectrum can change over time and across situations, especially with the right support.

The terms can be confusing, so it helps to define them. Nonverbal and non-speaking are often used to mean the same thing: communicating with little or no speech.

Minimally verbal usually describes someone who uses a small number of spoken words or fixed phrases. None of these terms describes a person’s intelligence, personality, or potential. They describe how someone communicates today, not who they are or what they are capable of learning.

What Percentage of Autistic People Are Nonspeaking?

Estimates vary depending on how researchers define the group, but research on minimally verbal autism indicates that roughly 25 to 30 percent of autistic children do not develop functional speech and remain minimally verbal beyond about age 5. That is a meaningful share of the autism population, and it is one reason communication support is such a central focus of intervention.

It is also worth remembering that being non-speaking at one age does not fix a person’s path for life, since communication can grow and change with time and support.

Do Non-Speaking Autistic People Understand What Others Say?

One of the most damaging parts of the myth is the leap from cannot speak to cannot understand. In reality, comprehension varies from person to person. Many non-speaking autistic individuals understand far more than they can express out loud, which is exactly why the label nonverbal can mislead the people around them. Some do have co-occurring differences in receptive language, the ability to process what is heard, but that is not a safe assumption to make about any individual.

This gap between understanding and speaking is a strong argument for presuming competence. When families, educators, and clinicians assume a person comprehends and speaks to them accordingly, they protect that person’s dignity and open the door to learning. Assuming the opposite can quietly lower expectations and limit opportunities, often for someone who understands every word.

Why Are Some Autistic People Non-Speaking?

There are several reasons an autistic person may have difficulty speaking, and none of them is the same as a lack of intelligence. Autism can affect the typical development of spoken communication. Some individuals have a co-occurring motor-speech condition, such as childhood apraxia of speech, which makes it difficult to plan and coordinate the precise movements needed to produce words, even when the person knows exactly what they want to say.

Others experience echolalia, the repetition of words or phrases, which can serve as a step toward communication rather than a barrier to it. Sensory differences, language-processing differences, and anxiety can also play a role.

The common thread is that these challenges are associated with producing or organizing speech, not measures of what a person knows, feels, or understands. Treating difficulty speaking as proof of intellectual disability confuses two very different things.

How Do Non-Speaking People Communicate?

Non-speaking autistic individuals communicate using a range of methods known as augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). According to the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), AAC covers every form of communication beyond spoken words. These methods are often grouped by how much technology they involve:

  • No-tech and low-tech options: gestures, facial expressions, sign language, writing, drawing, and pointing to photos, symbols, or printed words.
  • High-tech options: tablets, communication apps, and speech-generating devices that turn selections into spoken output.

In applied behavior analysis (ABA) and speech therapy, a major goal is to build functional communication: giving a child a dependable way to express wants, needs, and ideas. Early skills often start with manding, or requesting, because being able to ask for something is powerful and motivating. Approaches like functional communication training teach individuals to replace frustration or challenging behavior with clear communication. Speech-language pathologists and behavior analysts often collaborate so that spoken language, AAC, and everyday routines all reinforce one another.

Will a Non-Speaking Autistic Child Ever Talk?

This is one of the most common questions families ask, and the honest answer is that it depends on the individual. Some nonspeaking children develop spoken language, sometimes years later than peers, while others continue to communicate primarily through AAC.

Research suggests that early, individualized communication support improves outcomes and that nonverbal reasoning ability is one of several factors associated with later language gains. Rather than focusing only on whether a child will speak, it helps to focus on giving them a reliable way to communicate now, in whatever form works for them. Communication, not speech alone, is the goal.

Early intervention matters here. The years when the brain is most adaptable are a valuable window, and starting support sooner gives a child more time to build skills. Importantly, introducing AAC does not close the door on speech. Many children who begin with pictures or a device go on to add spoken words, because having any dependable way to communicate tends to reduce frustration and invite more interaction, not less. Progress rarely follows a straight line, and steady, individualized support tends to serve children better than a single milestone or deadline.

How LEARN Behavioral Supports Non-Speaking Communicators

At LEARN Behavioral, support for non-speaking and minimally verbal children starts with presuming competence and getting to know each child as an individual. Rather than applying a one-size-fits-all plan, board certified behavior analysts (BCBAs) assess how a child already communicates, identify motivating goals, and build a personalized program that grows functional communication step by step.

This can mean teaching a child to request with pictures or a speech-generating device, shaping early sounds and words, integrating AAC alongside spoken-language goals, and coaching families so progress is carried over to the child’s home and community. Behavior technicians (BTs) deliver this support day to day, and clinicians often collaborate with speech-language pathologists, so every channel of communication works together.

Our goal at LEARN Behavioral is simple: help each child be understood and heard in the way that fits them best.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between nonverbal autism and a language delay?

A language delay means a child is developing speech and language more slowly than typical but along a similar path. Nonverbal or non-speaking autism describes autistic individuals who use little or no spoken language to communicate, often relying on other methods instead. The two can overlap, and a speech-language pathologist can help clarify what a particular child is experiencing.

Does using AAC keep a child from learning to talk?

No. Speech-language experts and a large body of research consistently find that augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) does not hold back speech development. For many children, it does the opposite, lowering frustration and giving them a reliable way to communicate while spoken language continues to develop.

How can families support a non-speaking child’s communication at home?

Families can model communication throughout daily routines, honor every attempt to communicate (a gesture, a picture, a sound), build in chances for the child to make choices and requests, and stay consistent with whatever AAC system the child uses. Collaborating closely with the child’s clinical team keeps strategies aligned across home, school, and therapy.

Can non-speaking autistic people read and write?

Some can, and literacy varies widely from person to person. A number of non-speaking autistic individuals read and write or learn to over time, which is one reason the label nonverbal can be misleading. Access to literacy instruction and the right tools matters a great deal.

When should communication support begin?

Earlier is generally better. There are no prerequisites for introducing communication supports, including AAC, and starting early can support language development rather than replace it. A clinical evaluation can identify the right mix of strategies for a child’s age and needs.

The History and Evolution of ABA Therapy

Author: Ronit Molko, Ph.D., BCBA-D | Updated On

Applied behavior analysis (ABA) is one of the most widely used and most debated approaches to supporting individuals with autism. Many professionals and families consider it a leading, evidence-based intervention, while a growing number of autistic self-advocates have raised serious criticisms of how it has been practiced. Both perspectives belong to the same story, because ABA today looks very different from the ABA of the 1960s.

Key Takeaways

  • ABA is the science of learning and behavior.
  • In autism services, it has been used since the 1960s and remains widely used today.
  • The field was formally defined in 1968 by Baer, Wolf, and Risley, whose seven dimensions still guide quality practice.
  • Early intensive programs, including Lovaas’s work, were often rigid and sometimes used aversive techniques that are now widely rejected.
  • Criticism from autistic self-advocates has pushed the field toward more naturalistic, respectful, and individualized practice.
  • Contemporary ABA emphasizes person-centered, assent-based, neurodiversity-informed care, with the family and individual helping set goals.
  • When choosing a provider, ask who sets the goals, how individualized the program is, and how the team builds in assent and family input.

Understanding how the field of ABA has evolved, including the criticism that drove much of that change, helps families make informed decisions and helps the field keep improving. This guide traces the history of ABA, why earlier forms drew criticism, and what contemporary, person-centered ABA looks like now.

What Is Applied Behavior Analysis?

ABA stands for applied behavior analysis. At its core, it is the science of learning and behavior, and as a therapy its purpose is to help people build meaningful skills and reduce behaviors that interfere with growth and learning.

ABA studies how behavior is shaped by the environment, especially by what happens before a behavior (antecedents) and what happens after it (consequences). The basic idea is that behavior followed by meaningful reinforcement tends to increase, while behavior that is not reinforced tends to fade. These principles are not unique to autism. The same science appears in classrooms, workplaces, sports coaching, and even animal training.

In autism services, ABA is used to help individuals build communication, social, play, and daily living skills, and to reduce behaviors that interfere with learning or safety. For a closer look at how the field describes its current form, see our overview of contemporary ABA.

Where Did ABA Come From?

The roots of applied behavior analysis (ABA) reach back more than a century. In 1913, the psychologist John B. Watson helped launch behaviorism, arguing that psychology should focus on observable behavior rather than only on internal thoughts and feelings. Decades later, B.F. Skinner expanded this work through the study of operant conditioning, describing how consequences shape behavior over time and laying much of the groundwork for the field.

ABA was formally defined in 1968, when Donald Baer, Montrose Wolf, and Todd Risley published the founding paper that named ABA’s defining features in the first volume of the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. They outlined seven dimensions of quality applied work, including that it should be applied, behavioral, analytic, and effective. Those dimensions still guide the field today, which means ABA has existed as a defined field for more than 50 years, with roots in behaviorism reaching back over a century to 1913.

Around the same period, Dr. O. Ivar Lovaas began developing intensive behavioral programs to teach language and other skills to children with autism, with the goal of helping them learn and avoid institutionalization. His widely cited 1987 study reported that many children who received roughly 40 hours per week of early intensive intervention made significant gains. That research helped popularize ABA as an autism intervention and launched many early intervention programs, often built around repetitive discrete trial teaching at a table.

The seven dimensions Baer, Wolf, and Risley described still define what quality ABA looks like today:

The seven dimensions of applied behavior analysis (Baer, Wolf & Risley, 1968).

Why Was Early ABA Criticized?

The early popularity of intensive ABA also created problems that the field is still reckoning with. Many early programs were highly structured and adult-driven, delivered for exhausting numbers of hours. Some programs, in keeping with the era, used aversive techniques, meaning unpleasant consequences intended to reduce behavior. Those methods are now widely rejected, and current standards call for the least intrusive, evidence-based approaches.

More recently, a generation of adults with autism who received earlier forms of ABA has spoken out. Some describe lasting distress and trauma, and many criticize goals aimed at making autistic people appear less autistic, such as suppressing harmless self-soothing movements or requiring eye contact that can feel physically painful, rather than goals centered on the person’s own well-being.

These concerns, examined in peer-reviewed analysis of the criticism and in the broader neurodiversity movement, deserve to be taken seriously. At the same time, many families and autistic individuals report meaningful benefits from ABA, especially when it is individualized and consent based. Holding both of those truths at once is part of practicing responsibly, and it is a large part of why the field has changed.

How Has ABA Evolved?

Since the 1970s, ABA has changed substantially, much as other areas of healthcare have changed with new research. Rigid, clinic-based drilling has given way to more naturalistic, play-based, and child-directed teaching. In natural environment teaching (NET), for example, learning happens during everyday routines like mealtimes, play, and community outings rather than only at a table. Newer naturalistic and developmental models blend behavioral science with what is known about how children naturally learn and develop.

The deeper shift is philosophical. Contemporary ABA emphasizes person-centered planning, in which the individual and family help choose goals that fit their values and culture, and assent-based care, which means paying attention to a person’s willingness to participate and treating resistance as meaningful information.

The current BACB ethics code calls on behavior analysts to treat individuals with compassion, dignity, and respect, and to use the least intrusive, evidence-based procedures suited to each person. Much of this evolution has come from listening to autistic voices, a process described in how neurodiverse voices are influencing the evolution of ABA.

How Can You Tell If a Provider Uses a Modern Approach?

Because the term ABA now covers a wide range of services, it helps to ask questions before choosing a provider. Useful questions to ask include:

  • Will I help decide the goals of my child’s program?
  • How individualized is each program, or do all clients receive something similar?
  • How is my input, and my child’s, built into the plan?
  • How often is the program reviewed and revised?

A provider practicing contemporary, person-centered ABA should welcome these questions rather than avoid them. Our Q&A about ABA therapy walks through more of what families can expect and ask.

How LEARN Practices Contemporary, Person-Centered ABA

LEARN Behavioral describes its approach as contemporary ABA: an evolved practice committed to person-centered, assent-based care. That commitment is structural, not just aspirational. LEARN created a person-centered ABA workgroup of clinical leaders to guide a neurodiversity-informed approach, along with a Neurodivergent Advisory Committee that brings autistic and neurodivergent perspectives directly into how services are shaped.

In day-to-day practice, that means individualizing goals around each person’s strengths and interests, incorporating family input, and listening when an individual signals that something does not work for them. Behavior analysts design and oversee each program, and behavior technicians deliver much of the direct support, with the goal of care that respects the whole person.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the seven dimensions of ABA?

In their 1968 founding paper, Baer, Wolf, and Risley described seven dimensions of quality applied behavior analysis: applied, behavioral, analytic, technological, conceptually systematic, effective, and generality. In plain terms, the work should target meaningful behaviors, measure them objectively, show that the intervention is what produced change, be clearly described, rest on established principles, make a real difference, and hold up across settings and time. These dimensions still serve as a benchmark for quality practice.

Is ABA therapy used only for autism?

No. The science of behavior that underlies ABA is applied far beyond autism, including in education, organizational management, sports coaching, health behavior change, and animal training. In autism services specifically, ABA is used to help build communication, social, play, and daily-living skills and to support safety and learning.

What is assent-based ABA?

Assent-based ABA means paying close attention to whether a person is willing to participate, not just whether a parent or guardian has consented. A learner’s signs of distress or refusal are treated as meaningful communication rather than behavior to push through. This approach is part of the broader shift toward respecting autonomy and dignity in contemporary practice.

Is ABA evidence-based?

ABA-based interventions are supported by decades of research showing gains in communication, social, and adaptive skills, which is why they are widely funded by insurers. At the same time, researchers and autistic advocates have noted limitations in some of the older literature and have called for higher-quality studies and outcomes that reflect what people with autism value. Both the evidence and the ongoing critique are part of an honest picture.

How many hours of ABA therapy are typical?

It varies by individual and goals. Focused programs that target a few specific skills often range from about 10 to 25 hours per week, while comprehensive programs can range from roughly 30 to 40 hours per week. A behavior analyst recommends a level of support based on the person’s needs, and the plan should be reviewed and adjusted over time.

5 Sensory-Friendly Spots in and Around Greenfield, Wisconsin 

Updated On

Families who have a child with autism or other developmental needs often learn quickly that a successful outing depends on more than picking the right destination. Noise levels, crowded spaces, lighting, transitions, and even parking can shape how manageable a day feels. 

Around Greenfield, some places have become reliable Wisconsin stops for families because they offer something harder to find than entertainment alone: flexibility, space to regroup, and staff who understand that children experience environments differently. 

A sensory-friendly outing does not have to be silent or perfectly calm. Many families simply look for places where children can move at their own pace without constant pressure or overstimulation. 

Here are five sensory-friendly spots in and around Greenfield that families may want to explore. 

1. Wehr Nature Center Offers Quiet Trails and Gentle Exploration 

Inside Whitnall Park, Wehr Nature Center gives families a quieter alternative to busier attractions. Short walking trails, nature exhibits, and wooded surroundings create a slower pace that can feel easier for children who become overwhelmed in louder environments. Indoor exhibits are small enough to navigate without feeling crowded. 

Tip for families: Start with the accessible boardwalk trail near the visitor center before branching onto longer paths. The shorter route helps many children settle into the environment gradually. 

2. Greenfield Public Library Creates Predictable Spaces 

Greenfield Public Library offers a calm indoor setting with flexible children’s areas, reading nooks, and family programming throughout the year. Libraries can work especially well for children who prefer structured spaces with clear expectations and quieter sound levels. 

Tip for families: Visit during weekday mornings when the children’s section is usually quiet. 

3. Betty Brinn Children’s Museum Hosts Sensory-Friendly Sessions 

About 20 minutes from Greenfield, Betty Brinn Children’s Museum in Milwaukee regularly offers sensory-friendly play sessions with adjusted sound and lighting levels. The museum also provides hands-on exhibits designed for different learning and play styles. 

Tip for families: Review the museum map before arriving and choose two or three exhibits to focus on first. Smaller goals can make visits feel more manageable for children who become overwhelmed by large spaces. 

4. Milwaukee County Zoo Gives Families Room to Reset 

Milwaukee County Zoo has wide walking paths, shaded seating areas, theaters, learning zones, a jungle gym, and plenty of areas to spread out. 

Tip for families: Begin with outdoor habitats early in the morning before crowds build. Indoor exhibits tend to feel louder and busier later in the day. 

5. Marcus Theatres Offers Sensory-Friendly Screenings 

Several Marcus Theatres locations near Greenfield participate in sensory-friendly movie programs with lower sound levels and dimmed lighting. Children can move around more freely during the movie, which can make theater visits feel less stressful for many families. 

Tip for families: Bring familiar snacks or comfort items if allowed and consider sitting near the aisle so your child can take movement breaks without disrupting the experience. 

Support Is Close to Home 

Finding places where children feel comfortable can help families spend more time together in the community and less time worrying about how an outing will go. 

Wisconsin Early Autism Project (WEAP) and Total Spectrum, part of LEARN Behavioral, work with families across Greenfield and nearby Milwaukee communities to help children build communication, social, and daily living skills that support everyday life. If you are looking for support in the Greenfield area, WEAP and Total Spectrum are here to help you take the next step.   

IEP Strategies To Start the School Year Strong 

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Tips for parents, schools, and providers to work together 

If your child has an individualized education program (IEP), the start of a new school year can bring both excitement and a long to-do list. Between fresh school supplies and new routines, it is also the best time to revisit your child’s plan, build strong relationships with the school team, and set up supports for success. 

Here are practical ways families, schools, and providers can work together to make the most of the year ahead. 

Review Your Child’s IEP 

Read your child’s IEP from start to finish. Generally, the IEP from the last school year covers the start of the following year. Review the IEP from the last meeting. Refresh yourself on key details, such as: 

  • Goals for the year 
  • Services and supports listed 
  • The person responsible for each service 
  • Accommodations in the classroom 

Sometimes, it can take a few weeks for schools to get services scheduled, but accommodations should be available and honored at the start of the year. For example, assistive technology should be in place. If any part of your child’s IEP is unclear, ask the school for clarification. Use plain language when talking about goals and services so everyone (teachers, aides, and your child) understands what your child’s plan includes. 

Build a Strong Team Connection 

An IEP works best when parents, providers, and teachers share the same vision. Early in the year: 

  • Introduce yourself to your child’s new teacher and any specialists 
  • Share a short summary about your child’s strengths, challenges, and what works best for them 
  • Set a preferred method of communication, such as email, phone, or a notebook sent home 

Consistent communication helps prevent misunderstandings. 

Set Up for Smooth Transitions 

Transitions, such as moving between activities, classrooms, or grades, can be tricky for kids on the autism spectrum. Work with the school to: 

  • Preview new routines or schedules with your child 
  • Visit the classroom before school starts 
  • Use visual schedules or social stories to explain changes 

When everyone knows what is coming next, children can adjust more easily and with less stress. 

Track Progress Together 

Do not wait for the annual IEP meeting to check progress. Schedule regular updates with the school and share notes from any outside providers, such as applied behavior analysis (ABA) therapists. 

If you notice your child struggling with a goal, request a meeting to adjust supports or strategies. Early changes can help keep your child on track. 

Know Your Rights and Resources 

Federal law gives children with disabilities the right to a free, appropriate public education, including special education and related services that meet their individual needs. 

If you are unsure about your child’s rights, connect with a local advocacy group or parent organization. They can walk you through the process, join you for meetings, and help you get the support you need. 

Make It a Team Effort 

IEPs are most successful when everyone works together. That includes parents, school staff, and providers. At LEARN Behavioral, we partner with families and schools to apply evidence-based ABA strategies that help children build skills, reach their goals, and thrive in and out of the classroom. 

Looking for more support with your child’s IEP this school year? 

Our team at LEARN Behavioral can work alongside you and your child’s school to help create a plan that meets their unique needs. Contact us today to learn how we can partner with you to set your child up for success. 

5 Sensory-Friendly Spots in and Around Grand Rapids, Michigan 

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Families who have a child with autism or sensory sensitivities often plan outings with more than entertainment in mind. Noise, lighting, crowds, transitions, and waiting times can all affect whether a place feels manageable or overwhelming. 

Around Grand Rapids, several museums, parks, and public spaces offer quieter environments, flexible pacing, or sensory-friendly programming that can make outings easier for families to navigate.  

In some places, that means adjusted lighting or reduced crowd sizes. In others, it simply means enough room for children to move, pause, and reset when needed. 

Here are five sensory-friendly spots in and around Grand Rapids that families may want to explore. 

1. Grand Rapids Children’s Museum Sets Aside Quieter Hours 

Grand Rapids Children’s Museum regularly hosts sensory-friendly play sessions with reduced noise, adjusted lighting, and smaller crowds. The museum’s hands-on exhibits allow children to explore independently. 

Tip for families: Check the museum calendar before visiting. Sensory-friendly sessions are typically offered during select morning hours with limited attendance. 

2. Frederik Meijer Gardens Gives Families Space to Slow Down 

Frederik Meijer Gardens & Sculpture Park works well for families who prefer to move without a schedule. Children can pause at water features, walk ahead on the sculpture trails, or spend time in smaller garden spaces without feeling rushed from one exhibit to the next. The grounds are spread out enough that families can usually find a quieter path when indoor areas become crowded. 

Tip for families: Start with the outdoor sculpture trails if indoor conservatories feel too busy or overstimulating. Morning visits are often quieter. 

3. Kent District Library Offers Calm Indoor Spaces 

Kent District Library branches near Grand Rapids provide quieter children’s areas, flexible seating, and family programming throughout the year. Libraries often work well for children who prefer structured environments and predictable routines. 

Tip for families: Visit during weekday mornings or early afternoons, when children’s areas are usually quieter and easier to navigate. 

4. John Ball Zoo Gives Families Flexible Pacing 

John Ball Zoo offers shaded walking paths, outdoor exhibits, and open seating areas throughout the grounds. Families can move through the zoo gradually and step away from busier areas when children need a break. 

Tip for families: Arrive near opening time and begin with outdoor habitats before crowds build later in the day. 

5. Blandford Nature Center Offers Quiet Trails and Open Space  

Not every child wants a packed itinerary or a crowded attraction. 

Blandford Nature Center gives families another kind of outing. Children can walk the trails, check in on the resident wildlife, or spend time outside without a lot of noise, waiting, or transitions between activities. Parents can shorten the visit, linger longer, or change direction midway through without much disruption. 

Tip for families: Begin with the shorter loops near the visitor center and save the longer wooded trails for a second visit after your child becomes familiar with the setting. 

Support Is Close to Home 

Finding places that feel comfortable and predictable can help families spend more time together in the community and less time worrying about how an outing will unfold. 

Total Spectrum, part of LEARN Behavioral, works with families across Grand Rapids and nearby communities to help children build communication, social, and daily living skills through applied behavior analysis (ABA) therapy that supports everyday life at home, in school, and in the community. If you are looking for support in the Grand Rapids area, Total Spectrum is here to help you take the next step.   

Autism & Water: Benefits of Swimming & Water Play for Kids with ASD

Author: Ashley Williams, Ph.D., LABA, BCBA | Updated On

Many children with autism are drawn to water for its calming, sensory experience. In fact, a 2015 study[1] found that children with ASD enjoy swimming significantly more than children without ASD. And while water can present a safety concern, water play and swimming also offer several benefits for children with ASD.

How can you build on your child’s interest with activities that promote safe and fun water exploration? Here, I offer ideas and share the benefits of swimming and water play for kids with ASD.

1.     Leisure skills

Swimming and water play are great alternatives to many sedentary leisure activities in which children engage, such as playing online games or watching videos on screens. Many families of children with autism report difficulty finding non-electronic leisure activities for their child. And while your child may have other interests, it can be an added challenge to find activities that will sustain their attention for longer periods. Ideal for encouraging more extended periods of independent leisure time in children with autism, water play offers a great solution.

Try, for instance, setting up a water table with different sized cups and tools for pouring, scooping, and squirting water. This activity particularly benefits kids who are learning to explore water safely but don’t yet have interest in or safety skills for independent play in a pool.

2.     Physical health

It probably comes as no surprise that swimming and active water play offer fun ways to integrate movement and physical activity into your child’s day. Swimming represents a low-impact exercise and can boost cardiovascular health, while building strength and endurance.

To promote physical health during swimming, practice “bobbing” in the water. If your child does not like water on their face, practice jumping in shallow water. Encourage vocal verbal skills, such as counting, by modeling counting out loud or having your child count or spell as they bob or jump in the water.

3.     Creativity and imaginary play

Swimming and water play offer endless ways in which children can play, allowing you and your child to create new games and use your imaginations to explore the water.

You can investigate the buoyancy of different objects by seeing which objects sink or float. Ask your child to select some water-safe toys, and watch as the toys sink or float in the pool, water table, or shallow bin of water. Another visual, sensory activity involves dribbling a few drops of food coloring and observing how different colors diffuse in the water. For added fun, provide bubbles, sponges, or a toothbrush—and watch what your child can do or create.

4.     Family time

Some families report difficulty in identifying shared interests with their child with ASD, and many children with autism have narrow or restricted interests[2]. However, thinking creatively about safe water play may help you identify additional interests for your child that are shared with siblings and caregivers alike. Family time in the pool or during water play can create a shared activity and interest for the whole family to take part in and enjoy, while giving you a chance to cool off on a hot day.

Encourage your child’s communication by asking questions about what they see, hear, and touch. Do you notice floating leaves, frogs, or beetles that have made their way into the pool? Use these sensory experiences in the water to ask questions, share interest in the water, and promote communication. Your child can practice pointing, nodding, or responding vocally to your questions about your shared environment.

As you enter the last stretch of summer, use these tips to promote fun and safe water exploration. Then, when your child builds confidence in and around the water, consider swim lessons that teach your child water safety. And while the ultimate goal of swim lessons is to teach your child to swim, safety skills like floating, exiting a pool independently, and holding on to a ledge or wall are often taught first. To learn more, read our blog post “5 Steps to Swim Safety for Your Child with Autism.”

Why Wandering Is a Serious Risk for Kids With Autism, Especially in Summer 

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Clinically Reviewed By: Christine Brody, M.S., BCBA, Director of Training and Development

 For many families raising a child with autism, one of the biggest fears is a child slipping away. That might mean walking out the front door, leaving the playground or disappearing into a crowd. This behavior, often called “wandering” or “elopement,” can happen in a matter of seconds. It’s more than stressful. In some cases, it can be life-threatening. 

Summer brings even more opportunities for this to happen. Routines shift, outings increase, and kids are often near water, one of the biggest safety hazards for children with autism. Understanding why wandering happens and how to prevent it can help families stay prepared and safe. 

What Is Wandering? 

Wandering happens when a child leaves a safe place without permission or supervision. This can include leaving home, school, a playground, or a caregiver in public. 

In children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), it’s especially common. A 2012 study in Pediatrics found that nearly half of children with autism had tried to wander or run away at least once after age 4. Of those, 26% were missing long enough to cause concern. 

The reasons vary. Some children may seek out a place they enjoy, such as water. Others may run to escape overwhelming sounds, sights, or situations. But no matter the cause, the risk is high. 

Why Summer Brings Added Risk 

Wandering can happen any time of year, but summer adds new layers of risk. Families are more likely to be out of their routines, exploring new places, or visiting pools, lakes, and beaches. New environments can be exciting, disorienting, or overstimulating for kids with autism. 

Water presents the greatest danger. According to the National Autism Association, accidental drowning accounted for 71% of all deaths resulting from wandering in children with autism under age 15. 

And it can happen fast. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that it takes as little as 20 seconds for a child to drown. 

Safety Strategies That Can Help 

Many families aren’t told about wandering risks when their child is first diagnosed. But there are proactive steps that can help reduce danger. 

Swim lessons are one of the most effective strategies. Some insurance plans may cover swim lessons for children with autism as part of behavioral treatment. Read more in Why Swimming and Water Play Benefit Kids with ASD. 

Families can also partner with a board certified behavior analyst (BCBA) to teach safety skills. BCBAs can support children in tolerating wearable tracking devices, reducing bolting behaviors, and recognizing safe adults or “community helpers.” 

Other tools include: 

  • Personal ID wristbands or GPS trackers 
  • Secure fencing or home alarms 
  • Creating emergency plans with neighbors 
  • Registering with local police or Smart911.com, which lets families share medical or behavioral information that pops up for 911 dispatchers 

Planning Ahead Brings Peace of Mind 

Not every child with autism wanders. But for those who do, preparation can save lives. 

Summer outings should be fun, not stressful. These 4 Steps to Swim Safety for Your Child with Autism offer practical tips families can use right away. 

For more information on wandering and autism safety planning, visit the National Autism Association’s Big Red Safety Toolkit. 

5 Sensory-Friendly Spots in Chicago for Families to Explore

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Families who have a child with autism or sensory sensitivities often spend extra time planning even simple outings. They may think about traffic, noise levels, lighting, bathrooms, wait times, or whether there is somewhere quiet to regroup if a child becomes overwhelmed. 

In Chicago, some museums, parks, libraries, and public spaces have started making those experiences easier to navigate.  

Small adjustments can make a meaningful difference, such as a calm corner away from crowds or a staff member who understands that children experience environments differently. 

For many families, those details can determine whether an outing feels stressful or enjoyable. 

Here are five sensory-friendly spots in Chicago that families may want to explore. 

1. Maggie Daley Park Gives Kids Room to Move 

Maggie Daley Park offers wide walking paths, climbing areas, gardens, and open spaces where children can move freely without feeling confined. Families can spread out, take breaks between activities, and choose quieter sections of the park when downtown areas feel busy. 

Tip for families: Visit earlier in the morning when the playground and climbing areas are less crowded and easier to navigate at a slower pace. 

2. Shedd Aquarium Hosts Sensory-Friendly Events 

Shedd Aquarium offers sensory-friendly programs and accessibility supports designed for visitors with sensory sensitivities. Exhibits with special lighting, slow-moving galleries, and predictable walking paths can also help many children feel more comfortable during regular daytime visits. 

Tip for families: Begin with the smaller galleries upstairs before heading into larger exhibit areas. Starting small can help children adjust gradually to the environment. 

3. Harold Washington Library Center Offers Quiet Indoor Space 

Harold Washington Library Center provides families with a calm indoor option. The children’s areas offer flexible seating, open reading spaces, and quiet surroundings that can feel less overstimulating than many downtown attractions. 

Tip for families: Ride the elevator to the children’s floor before exploring the rest of the building. A quieter starting point can make transitions easier for some children. 

4. Field Museum Creates Predictable Paths Through Large Exhibits 

The Field Museum can feel large and busy, but many exhibits follow clear layouts that help families move at their own pace. Wide hallways, benches, and quieter corners throughout the museum allow children to pause and reset without needing to leave entirely. 

Tip for families: Skip weekends, if possible, and plan one or two exhibits rather than trying to cover the entire museum in one visit. 

5. AMC River East Offers Sensory-Friendly Screenings 

AMC River East 21 participates in AMC’s sensory-friendly film program in partnership with the Autism Society. During these screenings, the lights stay dim instead of fully dark, the sound volume is lower, and children may move around more freely during the movie. 

Tip for families: Choose aisle seating near the back of the theater so your child can step out for movement breaks without feeling rushed or disruptive. 

Support Is Close to Home 

Finding sensory-friendly spaces can help families feel more confident about exploring their community and spending time together outside daily routines. 

Total Spectrum, part of LEARN Behavioral, works with families across Chicago to help children through applied behavior analysis (ABA) therapy and related services that focus on communication, daily living skills, and routines. If you are looking for support in the Chicago area, Total Spectrum is here to help you take the next step.